Sorry Panta for the late reply. It's Golden Week here (which means everyone gets a week's holiday) so I've been very busy with drinking, smoking and general revellry! I'll try and define all the styles I listed. Some people have done a great job of defining some of them already, but rather than go through the entire thread to check which ones have already been defined, I'll just do the whole lot! Here goes.
Koryu Bujutsu
Jujutsu (aka yawara, yawaragi, yawarajutsu, taijutsu, koshi no mawari kogusoku, koshi no mawari, kogusoku, kumiuchi, hade, aikijujutsu, aikijutsu, shuhaku, judo, wajutsu, toritejutsu, torite, etc.) - close quarter combat, usually grappling based, either unarmed or armed with a close quarter weapon e.g. wakizashi, yoroidoshi, tanto, etc.
Kenjutsu (aka kenpo, gekkenjutsu, gekken, tojutsu, tachijutsu, odachijutsu, kodachijutsu, kendo, bikenjutsu, koshi no mawari, hyoho, heiho, ninjatojutsu, etc.) - art of the sword
Iai (aka iaijutsu, iaido, battojutsu, battodo, batto, etc.) - drawing the sword
Sojutsu - spear
Naginatajutsu - polearm
Bojutsu (aka rokushakubojutsu, jojutsu, hanbojutsu, sanjakubojutsu, tanjojutsu, etc.) - stickfighting; rokushakubojutsu is the usual 6' staff, jojutsu a 4' staff, hanbojutsu/sanjakubojutsu a 3' staff, tanjojutsu a 1'-2' stick
Tantojutsu - knife fighting; actually not a very common term, most schools including tantojutsu within their jujutsu techniques
Yoroidoshijutsu - knife fighting with the yoroidoshi, a short armour-piercing dagger
Kaikenjutsu - there are actually two styles with this name: one is the use of the kaiken, a small dagger usually kept in the folds of a kimono's sleeve and usually used by women; the other is the use of the Mushahi kaiken, which is a CQC weapon that looks somewhat like an axe blade but instead of a haft it just has a hole cut towards the back of the blade to slip your hand through.
Kabutowarijutsu - using the "helmet splitter" (sounds painful dunnit?), kind of a truncheon-like weapon with a tine used to bash through the opponents helmet or other armour
Saide - an art that combines the use of the katana with jujutsu-type grappling; I think it's unique to the Takenouchi Ryu curriculum
Tettojutsu - using the tetto, a truncheon that looks very much like a blunt tanto
Tessenjutsu - combat with the iron fan
Juttejutsu - using the jutte, a tined truncheon, usually used by law enforcement but occassionally used on the battlefield
Jittejutsu - the art of the jitte, usually an off-hand weapon consisting of a spear head with a cross bar, sometimes built to be folding
Kusarijutsu - any art that uses a chain or chain-based weapon
Kamajutsu - combat with a plain old sickle
Kusaribojutsu - the art of the chigiriki, a 3' staff with a ball and chain attached to one end
Shurikenjutsu - throwing blades; contrary to popular belief, not always star shaped; dart-like blades were more commonly used, some ryuha use full-size aikuchi and other knives
Tekkenjutsu - the good ol' knuckleduster (my fave!
)
Mijinjutsu - a rare style that uses three weighted chains connected at one end by an iron ring; it could be used in CQC but could also be thrown to entangle, like a bolas
Sasumatajutsu - combat with an ensnaring weapon, uses a polearm with a sort of semi-circular top used to pin and subdue your adversary
Gekiganjutsu - rare art that uses a ball and chain; never seen it in action but it always conjures up images of Gogo in
Kill Bill
Koppojutsu - see jlambvo's excellent definition
Kosshijutsu - as above
Kyushojutsu - as above
Toamijutsu - fighting with the humble fishnet
Nageyarijutsu - use of a short throwing spear/javelin, usually about 3'-4' in length
Ishinage - the art of stone throwing; probably a precursor to shurikenjutsu; very common during the Genpei War
Suieijutsu - techniques for swimming in armour and combat in water
Hojutsu - firearms; usually referred to using a harquebus but could also mean anything up to full-blown mortars and cannon
Karumijutsu - the art of leaping
Hojojutsu - rope tying techniques: consists of two parts, one being the formal tying up of prisoners, the second body of techniques being used actually in grappling to subdue and tie up the opponent
Bajutsu - horsemanship
Kyujutsu - archery
Yabusame - mounted archery
Sumai - a form of wrestling and the forerunner of sumo; a lot more violent and more complete and the fight didn't end when one guy touched the ground: stomping the opponent was perfectly legal
Ninjutsu - techniques of espionage, spying and guerilla warfare; practicing ninjutsu does not neccessarily make you a ninja
Gendai Budo
Karate (aka karatedo, karatejutsu, toudijutsu, todejutsu, tode, te, etc.) - techniques of unarmed combat with Okinawan roots
Judo - Kano Jigoro's eclectic grappling school, based mainly on several koryu jujutsu ryuha
Aikido - Ueshiba Morihei's "refinement" of Daito Ryu aikijujutsu
Kendo - sportive form of kenjutsu using armour and a bamboo sword ("shinai")
Kyudo - modern school of kyujutsu
Naginatado - sportive form of naginatajutsu, using armour and a wooden polearm; common sport in schools but usually only taught to girls
Jodo - a modern school of jojutsu
Jukendo - similar to kendo and naginatado, a sport but based on rifle-and-bayonet combat
Tankendo - a relation of jukendo, sport combat based on using a short sword or dismounted bayonet
Shorinji kenpo - school of combat founded by Doshin So; he always alleged that it was based on Shaolin techniques he learnt in China (it translates as "Shaolin Temple boxing") but in 1972 Japanese courts ruled that it was no such thing and was most likely a combination of Wado Ryu karate and Hakko Ryu jujutsu, so since then it's been a legal requirement to call it "Nippon Shorinji kenpo".
Nippon kenpo - combat sport founded in 1932 by Muneumi Sawayama; a bit ahead of its time, contestants wear armour but techniques at all ranges are permitted; point-based competition but strikes, throws, knockdowns and locks and holds are all scoring techniques
Sumo - modern version of sumai; a lot more civilised but surprisingly complex: not just fat guys in nappies shoving each other
Sports chanbara - modern combat sport, inspired by kendo, etc. but contestants use padded weapons and little armour, with divisions for sword, sword and shield, spear, staff, knife and others
Shootboxing - Cesar Takeshi's kickboxing-based sport, which also allows standing grappling and throwing and takedown techniques
Taihojutsu - police arrest techniques, now also taught to civilians as a system of self defence
This is exactly what I wanted. Not only to list the styles and arts, but to discuss about them, share info, teach, learn, ask questions. This is a really great source thread. excuse me I have to use the bathroom, theres somethin in my eye.
), it seems likely. What's Takenouchi-ryu saide like? 
) moves at close range, as opposed to the technical cleanness one usually expects from koryu waza, like what one sees in Katori Shinto ryu. They probably call it by a different name, of course, but I think it's pretty much the same thing in concept and execution. Kukishinden is known to be a survival-oriented style that pulls out all the stops to pull the curtains shut on an opponent.
)so it might be more like koryu that used kodachi in grappling. Both Fudo and Takagi Yoshin ryu also make use of the undrawn swords (hilt and scabbard) in grappling.
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